The Monroe Effect is the focusing of blast energy by a hollow or void cut on a surface of explosives.
High-explosive anti-tank warheads (HEAT for short) were enveloped during the Second World War as ammunition made of an explosive shaped charge that uses the Monroe effect to create a very high-velocity partial stream of metal in a state of superplasticity (deformed well beyond its usual breaking point), and used to penetrate solid vehicle armour. Stowage bins on the turret sides helped provide standoff protection from HEAT rounds. The 4-man crew of the Centurion was well protected with armour up to 152mm thick. South Africa also commissioned Centurions in Angola. The Royal Jordanian Land Force use Centurions first in 1970 to fend off a Syrian incursion within its borders during Black September events nad later in the Golan Heights in 1973. Centurions modified as armoured personnel carriers were used in Gaza, the West Bank and on the Lebanese border. Israel used Centurions in the 1967 Six Day War, 1973 Yom Kippur War and during the 19 invasions of Lebanon. The 83.4mm remained the standard gun on the centurions until the early 1960s when a further increased specification brought the 105mm L7 on board.
By the time the Centurions saw combat in 1950 during the Korean War, they had been up gunned to the more powerful 20-pdr (83.4mm) cannon. Initially equipped with the 17-pdr (76.2mm) cannon, which was one of the best tank guns, used by the Western Allies during the war. The development of the Centurion had begun in 1943 with 6 prototypes arriving in Belgium in May 1945 less than a month after the war in Europe had ended. As well as many other upgrades over the years, the chassis has also been adapted for several other roles. The Centurion was introduced in 1945 and was the primary British battle tank of the post-World War II period. Our Centurion was used by the Royal Engineers. This tank design was highly successful benefiting from many upgrades over the decades and as such, there are still some variants in use today. Ours is a an MK13, manufactured in late 1945 and therefore too late to actually take an active role in any WWII offensives, although it was expected that this design could withstand a direct hit from a German 88mm gun. We have a total beauty sitting in our reception area here at Armourgeddon, receiving much love from Joe, one of our engineers and instructors for Tank Paintball Battles.
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